Thursday, January 30, 2020
Italian Unification between 1815-1848 Essay Example for Free
Italian Unification between 1815-1848 Essay To what extent is it true to say that there was absolutely no movement or prospect of Italian Unification between 1815-1848? Between the years 1818 and 1848 there were many revolutions in Italy starting in the year 1821. The statement above states ‘absolutely no movement or prospect,’ therefore I strongly disagree with this due to the fact that there must have been some movement to achieve what Italy were finally able to. The following essay will give different points on the statement. In my opinion, I do not agree with the statement, one main reason being there were enough people in Italy that wanted it to be unified and that fought for what they believed in. For example the secret societies. During the times Italy was under the ruling of Metternich, many secret societies were formed, with passwords, mutual protection and sometimes even semi-religious rituals. The Carbonari, the most well known society and so consequently the most important. There were approximately 60,000 members involved, and it was particularly active in South Italy, especially in Naples. There aims were relatively mild, in Piedmont and Naples for example they hoped to establish a constitutional monarchy. It is already possible to see that there was some movement in Italy from secret societies that were hoping for Italian Unification. Another reason I disagree with the statement is due to Italy being under the ruling of Metternich. Although it was difficult living under the Austrians, and they were clearly putting an obstacle in the way of unification, I believe that it was actually a large contribution to the happening of unification. For example, due to Metternich trying to belittle the country by separating it into small constituencies, it made the Italian public want to fight back, and therefore as a consequence start revolutions. Three major revolutions occurred in Italy in the years, 1820-21, 1831-32, 1848-49. I believe this proves that things were being done to help unification rather than there being ‘absolutely no movement’. Additionally there is Giuseppe Mazzini, who is said to be a key figure in the history of Italian Unification. Mazzini was born in 1805, he had one overriding aim being ‘the brotherhood of people’. He believed in the equality of human beings and of races. In 1831, Mazzini founded ‘Young Italy’, this being Italy’s first real political party. Mazzini described the party as, ‘a brotherhood of Italians who believe in a law offreemen and equals.’ Those in the party had to swear to commit themselves to make Italy ‘one free, independent, republican nation.’ Mazzini’s ideas were incredibly radical for that period of time, for example, his ideal was that the people should rise up agains their oppressors, there should be unification ‘from below.’ Eventually there was unification however it came more from above. Yet Mazzini proves once again that there was movement and prospect towards Italian unification, Young Italy being another example. Although Mazzini may not have been successful at that precise moment, we can now see that unification was actually reached. Linking to my previous point, it has been proven that Mazzini was not only famous for his radical beliefs but also for converting people to the cause. This point firstly proves that some movement was being made in the form of attracting people to the challenge that was Italian unification, but furthermore, proves further movement in the fact that there must have been an incredible number of supporters that were in favour of unification, and therefore plans must have been made to try and succeed. Finally, by seeing that Italian Unification was attained eventually, we can ultimately say that there must have been enough movement and enough prospect for the aim to be successful. For these reasons, i disagree with the statement ‘To what extent is it true to say that there was absolutely no movement or prospect of Italian Unification between 1815-1848?’ On the other hand, there are many events from this period of time that may agree with the statement previously specified. For example, after the French revolution, Metternich reinstated the previous monarchs of each constituency. Most of the monarchs were reactionary and therefore there was a large obstacle blocking the path to unification. Being such a large predicament, one can assume that there was ‘absolutely no movement.’ In addition, the lack of progress that went into uniting the country through language may have been seen as lacking and therefore lead ones opinions to believe once again no progress was being made. Furthermore, even with the countless revolutions that were attempted not one succeeded permanently. So, although this particular example goes against there being absolutely no movement, due to the fact there was clearly movement in the form of revolutions, it does agree however with there being no prospect of unification, seeing as every individual revolution from each specific country failed inevitably. This was in consequence of the Austrians suppressing the revolutions and then re inviting the previous leaders to come and transform the constituence to the way it had previously been. Following this, it is now possible to appreciate the separation between the North and South of Italy. The Northern half containing the wealthier half of the population, whilst the Southern half being populated with the poorer families. Due to this large partition, it is hard to see any prospect in Italian Unification and therefore one can easily agree with the statement above. In relation to the previous point is the division of the Apennine Mountains. In those times, the Apennine Mountains were practically the back bone of Italy, until it was partitioned into North-East and South-West by Metternich. It is understood that without a back bone, a body would be unable to stand, hence the fact that without the Apennine Mountains it would be incredibly challenging for the population of Italy to achieve the prospect of unification. Overall, one can see that there are many justifications for both sides of this argument. Although from this essay it seems the statement is in fact true, I strongly disagree. Understanding that there may be proof to support the statement, at the end of the day Italian Unification was achieved, and therefore it is impossible to say that there was ‘absolutely no movement’ because the aim was fulfilled and therefore some movement must have taken place. In conclusion, I disagree with the statement ‘to what extent is it true to say that there was absolutely no movement or prospect of Italian Unification between 1815-1848’ because this declaration clearly states that there was ‘absolutely no movement’ towards Italian Unification between those years, yet unification was completed, thus whether there was a lot of movement, or in some case a little, there was undoubtedly more than none, and for this reason I forcefully disagree with the statement.
Wednesday, January 22, 2020
Aspergers Syndrome Essay -- Health, Diseases
In 2009, twenty-six year old, Zev Glassenber, with Asperger’s Syndrome, was a contestant on the Amazing Race. As you learn more about Asperger’s Syndrome ask yourself, â€Å"How did Zev deal with the social stress, physical challenges and constant changes as his raced around the world with his best friend Justin Kanew?†(Bruckheimer, Amazing Race 15, 2009) While Asperger’s Syndrome (AS) has probably been around since the beginning of time, the earliest known research was done by an Austrian Pediatrician, Hans Asperger in 1994. Hans noticed that some of the children that had been referred to his clinic had similar personality and behavioral traits (Attwood, 2007). They were socially awkward, lacked empathy and were physically clumsy. He also noticed they had an intense interest and knowledge of one or few particular subjects. Hans’s work was not well known or used because it was written during World War II, in German and the Journal it had been published in was discontinued. Hans did not live to see his research become an official diagnosis let alone be named after him. Lorna Wing, a British Child Psychiatrist, was the first to use the phrase â€Å"Asperger’s Syndrome†in an article she wrote in 1981. In 1991 his work was translated into English and in 1992 Asperger’s Syndrome was added to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (tenth revision, ICD-10), published by the World Health Organization (Slaughter, 2009). Some experts argue whether AS is really a different disorder or just a milder form of autism (Slaughter, 2009). Many of the traits are the same but the distinct differences are, those with Asperger’s have normal language and intellectual development and make more of an eff... ...to win, and never gave up. He and his partner Justin had a great relationship and worked well together. Many thought Zev would be the cause of their eventual elimination and many admired Justin for his loyalty, support and trust in his friend with AS. Justin was the one that ended up losing their passports in Asia causing them to be sent home. Zev and Justin took 9th place (Bruckheimer, Amazing Race 15, 2009). They were so well liked by viewers that they were given a second chance and participated in season 18’s Unfinished Business. They took first in more legs of the race than any other team and placed fourth overall. They were eliminated after Zev took over an hour to learn a few steps of the Samba in Brazil. But he learned them. (Those darn motor skills) Zev did the race to prove to himself that he could do anything and to inspire others. And he did!
Tuesday, January 14, 2020
Effect of Political and Economic Environment in the UK on Toyota Essay
After the oil shock in 1979 the European Automobile had to restructure as a result if car sales drop. This fall in car sales continued until late 1980’s. At the moment the demand for cars is precariously balanced. The Market is now facing challenges concerning quality and technological changes with Japanese and USA producers having transplants in the UK. Europe is the largest producer of automobiles in the world. Production is declining. â€Å"According to record, 13.7 million units were being produced in 1989 compared with 7.8 million for North America and 9 million for Japan†. (Global competition and the European Automobile Industry. Pg 3). The UK automobile was expected to rise by the year 2000 by then the market would be owned by the Japanese, UK and European producers. The first company to set automobile in UK form outside was the US Ford and later others like General Motors, BMW, Honda, later Nissan and Toyota joined. The UK has a global quality improvement initiative controlled by society of motor Manufacturers and traders industry forum. Currently UK has over 1000 automotive suppliers with manufacturing firm based in the UK. How Economic and Political Environment are Affecting Toyota            Generally, UK based vehicle manufactures are recording losses. This included companies with high productivity records. The economic conditions tend not to favor the vehicle market. This is due to production of cars at cheaper prices in other sectors of the globe. Toyota is not an exception.            The political environment of UK does not favor manufacturing plants much. This is evident through the ease at which employment law makes it easier to close manufacturing firms. In cases where any manufacturing plant fails to adhere to the government regulations and the UK British act, it can easily be terminated by law. Majority of UK suppliers are lacking some of the short principles of management like good customer focus, and shortage of skills. Considering that UK has had a good history of quality cars. The market is almost exploited; customers have seen almost variety of unique cars in the Market. The economy of UK is stable relative to other economies. Hence, company’s wishing to invest in UK find it expensive to hire labor in UK. As a result, their profits are limited due to high expenses on payment of labor. The increased cost of energy in the UK’s economy to be specific is another economic factor, though this change is being felt all over the globe. This is affecting Toyota as a company negatively since most of its production requires energy. Swot Analyzes Strengths Burnaston has made Toyota UK evaluate its first strength through Toyota’s corporate finance strategy. (Kerretsu). This is a major strength for Toyota considering that burnaston fits into Toyota’s long term global strategy. Toyota also enjoys government support through seminars and automotive academy like the one launched in 2004 to enhance skill training for the industry. This is helping Toyota to market itself and gain more knowledge on automotive industry. Toyota UK, also has a diversified capital base considering that the company is international and its sales are doing well in other countries. incase of a fall in the market price and demand for cars in Toyota UK, the company cannot collapse because of liquidity problems as it can be funded by its branches in other parts of the world. Weakness            Toyota UK is positioned in country with high quality products and variety. This reduces the sales level relative to other countries where the company enjoys monopoly or less competition. Heavy taxes are also affecting the company. The fact that Toyota is foreign company in UK; makes it more tax worth than UK based Companies. Toyota UK management feels that the UK that used to once be an attractive place to invest has been changed by the on going economic and legislative climate. The strength of starling pound is also affecting Toyota’s investment in the UK in relation to the weakness of Euro. Toyota is currently seeking an exchange rate solution in order to trade in UK and survive the market with minimal profits. With the introduction of work place parking levies, Toyota doubts whether the charges will impact the behavior of car users something that would affect the company’s sales. A shortage of trained engineers in the UK is another constraint facing Toyota UK. Toyota is reported to have experienced critical shortages in training new personnel in the information systems department. (Memorandum submitted by Toyota motor Europe, July 2000) Opportunities            Toyota UK has the chance of acquiring labor from Japan at a better cost in case the UK economy and labor market is exploited. This gives the opportunity to maximize its sales too.            Expansion is still available for the company. Despite the fact that the country has many manufacturing companies that have specialized in automotives, it’s also possible for the company to expand in UK since the company has its own unique brands. In addition, the company can list in the (UK) foreign stock exchange hence engaging in offshore.            The fact that UK is historically known for its high level of production o of vehicles, as far as quality is concerned is in advantage. This is because Toyota UK can learn more techniques or production and improve on the quality of products that it had been producing. Toyota can also produce in bulk. This is because the UK is a bigger Market and much as competition is there, one cannot rule out the population factor. The UK population is big and the ratio of people to companies selling vehicles is still low enabling Toyota to Operate. Threats            Competition is the major threat facing Toyota UK.  With the large number of companies in UK and all producing quality cars, the company can easily be thrown out of market or forced to sell at low prices in order to fit the market.            Economic dynamics are also major threats in the production process of Toyota UK because the poor performance of the economy dictates that the cost of production might be high and selling price might be low.            The U.K’s current fuel crisis is also a possible threat to Toyota UK. If the market price for fuel goes very high, then the demand for vehicles also go down because people will not be willing to buy vehicles if fueling is very expensive. (Marketing Teacher 2000). PEST ANALYSIS            The UK political set up has history of non-violence and generally friendly to foreigners. The government policies that regulate taxation and monitoring businesses in UK are however, strict. This does not restrict companies willing to do business though, because the rates are fixed. The government’s policy on the economy in relation to automobile is rather positive since the government offers support to encourage innovation. On basis of religion and culture the UK people are a collection of different denominations that rarely affect investment policy. The governments involvement in trading agreements is however an added advantage for Toyota UK, because they are assured of validity of their license. Economic Factors The UK raised his interest rates to 5.75% this year. With a rise in interest rates, Toyota UK is affected negatively as it can not be banking its money in Japan. As long as the interest rates are high, this means that the bank charges will be high, reducing the profits that a company can make. UK’s monetary policy committee (MPC) warned inflation is still on aid and remains a danger to the entire economy. (BBC News. 24) Some analysts have gone further to determine that this rate of inflation might rise further. This is bad news for Toyota as the sales of the company will have a less value than approximated.            As a result, expansion is limited as the purchasing power is reduced. The good news about the economy of UK is the fact that the country’s GDP is relatively high and per capita income is high enough these two combinations encourage liquidity among the citizens which realizes sales for Toyota.            Socio-cultural factors. UK’s reception of foreign products is positive. People do not discriminate instead they observe quality. Majority of dwellers of the land are English speaking hence communication between Toyotas’ salesmen and the citizens is easy. The ability to socialize by the inhabitants and minimal discrimination facilitates marketing. The older generation of UK has accumulated wealth thus Toyota has a wide client base. Technological factors.            It would be a lie to argue that technology allows for products to be made more cheaply in the UK than Japan. However technology allows for production of quality automobiles in UK. This helps Toyota to produce quality and leave room for innovation. For instance Ford Company and BMW have products that are better than Toyotas, depending on class of the customers who is buying. Integration of sale of automobiles and insurance company is another technological advantage. This allows company’s selling automobiles to be able to connect their clients with insurance companies. (Alan Capman1995-2005) PORTER’S FIVE FORCES Threat of substitute products            Toyotas products have a couple of other products similar to them. This makes the company’s products to have high elasticity of demand. Buyers have high propensity to substitute. This puts Toyota at the bargaining edge through pushing the company to keep modifying its products in order to be competitive. Toyota has to keep revising its prices too. Again this is a disadvantage because probably the cost of production was higher than the prevailing market price. Despite of the high elasticity of demand the switching costs of products is still high, making consumers to stick by one product, this adds to Toyotas advantage. The level of product differentiation is another major threat of substitute products. Toyota has an added advantage over this issue since it has different products and can offer customized products too.            Threat of the entry of new competitors. Unless the entry of new firms is blocked, Toyota is exposed to the perfect competition. However Toyota has taken care of this risk through economies of product differentiation and brand equity. The absolute cost advantages are among other ways that Toyota has established its market. The intensity of competitive rivalry. This is the major or determinant of industry competitiveness. Toyota is facing both marketing and innovation competition. The number of competitors is increasing following the governments opening of investors willing to invest. Not forgetting companies like Ford Operations. Toyota has high levels of advertising expertise internationally.            Bargaining power of customers. This is the customers’ ability to pressure the firm to reduce its prices. The number of buyers’ volume. In UK though buyers are many, options regarding which company to buy from are also many making buyers to have a bigger influence on bargain than Toyota. Not forgetting the availability of information which has been made possible by internet and the UK media.            Bargaining power of suppliers. Toyota UK requires labor, components and other factors. Suppliers can influence the market by raising the cost of raw materials to enjoy the industries’ profit too. However, Toyota UK has suppliers who are competing against themselves too hence making supply price low due to availability of commodities at ease. For example, the tire industry. (Morison .J 2006) Conclusion            Toyota Company UK has established itself despite the competitive environment due to diversified portfolio where the company sells other products like, used trunks, car bodies, primary NAICS and insurance linking’s.            Recently Toyota was confirmed as be best performing automobile company in the UK. Media tenor UK’s leading media on opinion reported during the 7.5 international Auto salons in Genf. Media tenor, realized a pessimistic trend for the future of the car industry in UK.            Toyota has been rated the best performer, as other companies report losses and closing down some of their joints. Overall, Toyota has been able to extend its products to cooperate. Among BMW, DC, Volkswagen, Toyota and Ford in UK, Toyota has the best performance so far. Reference http://europa.eu Marketing Teacher. (2000). Swot analysis lesson- www.marketingteacher.com Media tenor International Newsletters (2005-03-08). -Toyota outshines competitors again in UK. www.mediatenor.com Alan Capman (1995-2005) Pest Market analysis tool www.businesshalls.com Morison .J (2006) International business environment global and local market place in a changing world. Palgrase Macmillan.
Monday, January 6, 2020
Influential Kings in British History - 1513 Words
There are many influential kings in British history, one being Henry VII. Founder of the Tudor dynasty, he was a somewhat shadowy figure; cold, cautious, rigid man who paid constant attention to the administration and the filling of the royal funds. Henry was an accomplished politician who restored peace and stability to England. He was more of a dry, spiritless count that enjoyed the chase and other athletic activities but also music, dancing, and cards. With the death of Prince Edward, and the murder shortly afterwards of his father Henry VI, the fourteen year old Henry Tudor became the leading Lancastrian claimant to the throne. This wouldn’t have been so bad if Edward IV’s brother, the Duke of Gloucester, declared his sons illegitimate and took the throne for himself as Richard III. The disappearance and presumed murder of the young princes turned many of Richard’s subjects against him and rallied around exiled Henry Tudor. Henry was now the leading claimant to the throne as Richard was now an illegal leader. Henry reinforced his promised marriage to Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV. This brought Houses of Lancaster and York, which brought dissident Yorkists to Henry’s side. (â€Å"Crofton,†2006) After the death of the last two Yorkists claimants, Henry’s position on the throne was much more secured. He had isolated Warbeck from foreign allies by securing peace with France, the emperor, and Scotland. He married his daughter Margaret to the Scotland king, James VI.Show MoreRelatedMacbeth, Shakespeare and the Gunpowder Plot Essay1077 Words  | 5 Pages Among the most influential pieces of British literature in the 15th century stands Shakespeare’s Macbeth. During the 15th century in England, a new era was upon the country as a whole. Macbeth reflects one very unique idea in England at the time known as equivocation. The Gunpowder plot was also directly alluded to in Macbeth sever al times. 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