Some Examples Of Under- Or Over-Emphasis On Education - 825 Words

Some Examples Of Under- Or Over-Emphasis On Education (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Course: University:IntroductionEducation is a very essential factor that determines individuals income, health as well as their capacity to interact with others regardless of the zone they come from. The overall policy of many Nations in the world is to provide every Child the right to education and training no matter their socio-economic status. But what is education? The word education has no fixed essential meaning. According to Peters it is a complex, evolving concept that is shaped by the norms prevailing at a given time and a given place. For administrative reasons, education is often described according to the institutions or organizations that do provide it (Peters, 2010 p2). This paper therefore looks at education in these dimensions, focusing on the Middles East and North Africa Countries (MENA) who shares a common identity formulation features; Islam as their main region and Arabic as the common language but differ in ethnicity, history and tradition. In particular, the paper aims at outlining some of the examples of under or over emphasis on education as it relates to developmental goals in MENA region.Why emphasize education Education plays a crucial role in promoting poverty alleviation and economic growth, both at national and at household levels Peters says (Peters, 2010, p3). It reflects the aspirations of the people for a successful integration into the global economy in an ever changing world. As a result therefore, human capital creation has been receiving increased attention from policy makers and scholars as the look forward to promote economic development in the region. Models of endogenous economic growth stress the importance of investment in knowledge, including basic education, as a critical factor in economic expansion. As a result specialists in the region have long argued that education should form a principal component in any development strategy of the countries.Under or over emphasis on education in MENAIt i s true to say there is a gap between the regions needs to achieve its developmental objectives and the output of the education process/system (World Bank, 2013, p55). For instance, the education system has been producing more graduates in humanities than in sciences. As a result therefore, the region have over emphasized reforms that focus on too much in engineering education and too little on motivating the actors involved. This therefore is a threat to the regions future competitiveness among the other nations.Secondly, the under emphasis on the quality of education in many of the countries in this region has affected the quality of the graduates from the area. According to the World Bank (World Bank, 2013, p66) students from these regions scores lower compared to other regions of the world on international standards. For instance, in 2007 the trends in International Mathematics and Science study students from this region scored poorly compared to other regions with similar per ca pita levels. Malaysian students scores on average in Mathematics and science were 474 and 471 while the Egyptians were 391 and 408 respectively. This element is mainly caused by the policies the political wing have put in place. For instance, Melani and others are of the view that much of the money spend on education goes to the salaries of the administrators and teachers while little or none is left to invest in books, equipments, and any other required educational material (Melani Cammett, 2015). In addition, Akkari acknowledges that the desire for formal education has been increasing and imposing pressure on the existing school facilities. Sometimes double and triple shifts are used to try to ease the pressure. This has affected the quality of education as the teachers are overworked (Akkari, 2004). Thirdly, equity in education has been under emphasized (Gender, class and rural/urban biases) thus widening the gap between the rich and the poor, the rural/Urban children enrollment in schools, and the boys verses girls enrollment. This has been caused by poor educational allocation decisions made by the leaders. For instance, in Morocco children from high income families are two times likely to be enrolled in school as children from low income families. Again, in Egypt and Yemen enrollment in rural areas are still low compared to urban centers. However, according to Zaimeche some countries like Tunisia have achieved a big milestone in decreasing the gap of gender disparity. He says the Tunisian government adopted at a early stage, 1956, the most progressive polices in the Arab world towards women and as a result it has gained/achieved a lot regarding gender inequalities (Zaimeche, 1994, vol 33(4)).Fourth, reluctance to ensure laid down strategies/polices in education are adheres to. For instance, the Egyptian government goal in 1985 was to provide p...

Microeconomics Essay - 275 Words

Microeconomics (Essay Sample) Content: NameTutorCouseDateMicroeconomicsDemand and supply are two forces that regulate each other. In these forces regulate one another and set market prices. The article Increase of sugar supply outlines factors that lead to shifts and demand curve. Many factors influenced demand for sugar. The price of sugar increased because of the looming festive season festive. During the festive season, people buy goods in plenty, and this may lead to either increase in prices or shortages. These future expectations have forced people to buy a lot sugar for precautionary purposes. People increase their demand for goods to be safe during looming crises. Substitutes and level of income affect demand for goods largely. Sugar has no close substitute, and this means an increase in price will not change its demand. There exists income effect that causes an increase in demand of goods and services. An increase in income levels leads to increased purchasing power. Increased income means that pe ople have increased amount of disposable income. Prices are the key determinants of demand. Increase in prices leads to decrease demand and vice versa. Moreover, government urged farmers to increase supply of sugar because this will lead to decrease in price.Supply refers to amount of goods that suppliers present to the market determine supply. Price offered determines the...

APUSH Chapter 11 Study Guide Essay - 2623 Words

Chapter 11, The Jeffersonian Republic, 1800–1812 1. â€Å"Revolution† of 1800 (pp. 211–215) The election of 1800 was the first between organized political parties and the first of several to be decided on the basis of quirks in the Constitution. Why did Jefferson consider his victory in 1800 over the Federalist John Adams and his own vice-presidential running mate Aaron Burr to be â€Å"revolutionary†? What other â€Å"revolutionary† aspect of this election is added by the authors on p. 215? (1) Jefferson’s point: Revolutionary because it ended the Federalist rule and led the party into oblivion because Adams was the last Federalists President. Revolutionary also because his election represents a return to what he considered the original spirit of†¦show more content†¦Involvement in World War I, by the way), and the impressments of U.S. sailors onto British warships. (Note: You might note later how Jefferson’s policies differed from those of Woodrow Wilson over a century later dur ing World War I over many of these same issues!) To avoid getting sucked into the European wars, Jefferson tried the Embargo Act of 1807, effectively making most U.S. foreign trade illegal. After much opposition, not only from Federalist commercial interests in the Northeast, but also from western and southern farmers who couldn’t ship their cotton and other crops, the Embargo was replaced by the milder Non-Intercourse Act of 1809. *** After reviewing the authors’ analysis, what do you think of Jefferson’s attempt to stay out of war by removing the potential flash-points of ocean commerce with the belligerents? - I didn’t think it was a smart idea because they themselves need to trade to be prosperous. Because France and Great Britain had many other colonies and trade from other counties, not trading to them would hurt themselves more than them. 6. Madison and War (pp. 228–231) a. Referring to the 1810 Macon’s Bill No. 2 how did the willingness of President Madison to gamble and the craftiness of French Emperor Napoleon move the U.S. closer to a second conflict with Britain? - Madison’s gamble on trading exclusively to France led the Britain to not repeal their Atlantic trade restrictionsShow MoreRelatedBoyer Dbq Teacher Guide10764 Words   |  44 PagesUsing the DBQ Practice Questions from The Enduring Vision, Sixth Edition A Teachers’ Guide Ray Soderholm Minnetonka High School Minnetonka, Minnesota Using the DBQ Practice Questions from The Enduring Vision, 6th Edition A Teachers’ Guide This guide is intended to suggest some possible ways that students may organize essays related to the document-based questions in the Advanced Placement version of The Enduring Vision, 6th Edition, and to provide teachers with some information on each included

The Struggles Of Immigrant Students And The Children Of...

An issue that has become very important to me is that of fair education, specifically, in regards to ELL programs (English language learners) . This issue is very important to me because I’ve seen the struggles that immigrant students/the children of immigrants face when it come to the education system. During my early school years, I grew up in a predominantly hispanic neighborhood in East Harlem, therefore the schools in the surrounding neighborhoods had many native Spanish speakers. I didn’t encounter any problems in school with language, since English was my first language, but many of my classmates has trouble. I would often see teachers get frustrated with students when they could not communicate effectively with them. Instead of†¦show more content†¦For their other classes, the assignments were amended to complement the ELL program. There was also an after school program with teachers for homework help. When I saw this very different program, I wondered why Through my bibliographic search, I was able to learn the specifics of what scholars were discoursing on in regards to this topic. Current debates began with the teachers themselves. One article found that ELL teachers were generally â€Å"unwelcoming† (Reeves 2006). Reasons for this were the concern that there’s not enough time to address all the students’ needs, too much work for teachers when students are also enrolled in non-ELL classes, and feelings of unqualification to teacher ELL students (Reeves 2006). Another area of discussion is whether ELL programs should take an inclusion approach vs exclusion (from normal school curriculum) approach. Inclusion is when students are mainstreamed for most of the day, with some specific ELL classes. If only in ELL classes, students may not have access to the mainstream education needed to succeed (Reeves 2006). One article stressed the importance of education at home as well. If English is not also spoken at home, acqui sition is slowed (Allen 2011). Pride also affects the rate of learning, students will often claim to understand, even though they d not, to avoid the perception of being ignorant (2011). Research also found a need for more â€Å"professional development†.Show MoreRelatedImmigrants And The United States Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesImmigrants have been migrating to the Unites States for years. Many people in the United States have different opinions on immigrants: some are negative and some are positive. Some Americans assume that immigrants are here to destroy the United States, but immigrants are here for many purposes: to support their families, succeed in their future, or to escape violence occurring in their home countries. Many Americans think that once an immigrant has settled in the United States that he or she willRead MoreThe Face Of Education And The Changes It Has Undertaken Throughout History1425 Words   |  6 PagesThe face of education and the changes it has undertaken throughout history in the U.S. is a constant flow that thus alters the fabric of the American society. To provide an educated workforce for the future has been the job of educ ators for centuries, but with a greater immigration movement and presence, an educator s’ ability is limited and the fate of such children are left to suffer. Pulling from America’s position as a â€Å"melting pot† of different cultures and people, students should not be subjugatedRead MoreQuality of Secondary Education for Immigrants in the United States2521 Words   |  11 PagesStates was founded. American schools were built on the foundation of European traditions that have come to be problematic due to the increased number of immigrants from different regions of the world. There have been recent arguments over the quality of education migrants, legal and illegal, are receiving in secondary education. There are various differences amongst legal and illegal immigrants’ education in the United States that are controlled by environmental situations that alter achievement in theRead MoreDisadvantages For Bilingual Education1370 Words   |  6 Pages1. T he 1.6 million students in California public schools who speak another language other than English come from diverse backgrounds. Some of these students might be immigrants or refugee children who are new to America and its culture, and they might be English language learners (ELL). Therefore, as a future teacher it is important that my ELL students get the appropriate bilingual education to ensure that they have an opportunity to learn English and be successful in school. Furthermore, it isRead MoreThe Education For Alien Minors Act1332 Words   |  6 PagesMany immigrants come to America in an effort to achieve a better life, and with hopes of achieving the â€Å"American Dream†. Many adults are grateful for any work that pays, but for their children the hopes are to get an education and become what they could not. Even with these opportunities many children of undocumented citizens are finding that once they complete high school their efforts of attending college are al l but a dream. To assist this population the Development, Relief, and Education forRead MoreUndocumented Immigrants Should Be Legal Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesUnited States, some immigrants come for educational opportunities, but most of them overstay, and their visas got expired, so they became â€Å"undocumented immigrants.† Being an undocumented highly affects them financially especially in higher education. For them to pursue a college education they have to deal with a lot of problems such as lower college acceptance rates, and lack of work opportunities and for that, it’s difficult for them to pay for college. Undocumented immigrants should be able to receiveRead MoreUndocumented Immigrants And The United States Through Education2191 Words   |  9 Pagescitizen should have an equal opportunity to achieve success through hard work and education, determination and initiative. Latino Immigrants come to America for this hope, to have a good life, to have grea t education, to have rights, opportunities and so much more. Legal Latino immigrants have these opportunities and they don’t have to go through struggles and obstacles as much as illegal immigrants. Undocumented immigrants have always been the target for American government. They have always struggledRead MoreWhat s Taking Place Around The World? Essay1631 Words   |  7 Pages In the past few years, there been a strong focus on globalization and educations. For this reason, issues of culture are brought up. The problem with culture is maintaining it, and one of the questions that are asked when culture is a topic of interest is how can individuals maintain their cultural identity but still be open to a culture different from theirs? Globalization, as defined by Wan Shun Eva Lam, is what s taking place around the world concerning integration, migration of laborRead MoreWhy Immigrants Students Get Up On Their Path Through Education2915 Words   |  12 PagesMarà ­a Marte English 101 Seek Section 6 Prof. Dalisay November, 28, 2014 When my family and I decided to move to the United States, it was with the hope to obtain a better life and a better education for my brother and me. But when we arrived, our expectations turned out to be different than what we found here. Above all, to achieve a good education is not that simple because I have to face many barriers that make my education difficult, including adapting myself to the American culture, having parentsRead MoreThe Rio Grande Valley, And Immigration1426 Words   |  6 Pagespaper focuses on the Rio Grande Valley, and immigration. The purpose of this research paper is to demonstrate that immigration to the Rio Grande valley has had a negative impact. Effects immigration has on the Valley s economy, employment, and education are discussed. The concepts of informal and underground economy by Richardson, C. and Pisani, M. are covered to demonstrate the unique economy the Rio Grande has. Poverty rates at a national and local level are compared. Studies by Rich ardson

His112The Roman Republic And Imperial Rome Matrix Essay

University of Phoenix Material The Roman Republic and Imperial Rome Matrix Complete the matrix below by entering cultural, political, and economic developments that had lasting effects or that are significant of each civilization. The table includes one example. Civilization Cultural Developments Political Developments Economic Developments Roman Republic 509–27 BCE As the Romans traveled on many conquests they came in contact with some highly developed cultures, especially the Greek lifestyle, which encouraged the spread and development of their innovations in architecture, engineering, literature, and art. Gave those it conquered a stake in Roman victory The Roman Republic was the period of the ancient Roman civilization when the†¦show more content†¦They were the middle class of Rome. Then there were ordinary Roman citizens that were below all of the other classes that extended out all over. Compare the political structures of the Roman Republic and Imperial Rome, including the main figures of government. Comparing the two political structures of the Roman Republic and Imperial Rome, it is clear that both governments were not that different, but the imperial system had times when it acted more in the favor of the common man than the Republic did. The Roman Republic was run by a collection of documents that collectively acted as a constitution while the Imperial system was ran by a strict dictatorship behind a quasi-constitutional framework. Both the Roman Republic and Imperial Rome created governments that were distinctly their own inventions that were very successful in their own ways. What was the most significant cause for the change from a republic to an emperor–state? The most significant cause for the change from a republic to and emperor- state was solely due the functional system difference, the republic was unable to control the vast empire while the imperial system could. The problems raised by the Roman republic’s size were that it was not able to control the military, which was a problem that led to many Civil wars and murder. In contrast with the Imperial repressive powers vested in an emperor combined with a small

Hiv / Aids An Acronym For Human Immunodeficiency Virus

What if there was a disease that thousands of people a day contracted with no vaccine or cure, what do you think the world would look like? The world would look much like it does today, as there is a disease that infects thousands of people each and every day with no vaccine or cure. That disease is HIV/AIDS. A disease that is so powerful its position in our society has moved from epidemic to pandemic. In this paper we will explore HIV/AIDS and my one-day journey at one of Delaware County’s largest full service HIV/AIDS providers and how it changed my perspective on the disease and the people who carry it. What is HIV/AIDS? HIV is an acronym for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This virus can only attack humans, hence the name, and reproduces by taking over the T-cells (or CD4-cells which help fight off infections) and uses them to make copies of itself (U.S. Department of Health Human Services). Unlike most viruses the human body cannot seem to shake HIV, which means once you have HIV you have it for life. HIV is transmitted through certain bodily fluids and they are blood, semen (including pre-seminal), vaginal secretions, breast milk, and rectal fluids. AIDS, which stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, is the last stage of HIV, but it is important to note that not everyone with HIV will succumb to having AIDS. According to the U.S. Department of Health Human Services (2014) people who acquire AIDS have immune systems that have been severely deteriorated whichShow MoreRelatedThe Epidemic Of Hiv / Aids1306 Words   |  6 Pagesknown and feared viruses in the world today is HI V/AIDS. To fully understand on why HIV/AIDS is so deadly, we need to first understand and breakdown on what this virus exactly is. HIV is an acronym that stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Human means that only humans can be infected by this virus. Immunodeficiency means that this virus attacks and weakens your immune system to the point where your immune system can no longer protect your body. Virus means that it can only reproduce itself byRead MoreThe World Since The 1980s1154 Words   |  5 Pagesthe 1980s. A deadly virus emerged and spread faster than common sense could keep up, fueled by fear, paranoia, and prejudice. The disease was first dubbed GRID, an acronym for Gay-Related Immune Deficiency since it seemed to prey primarily on homosexual men. As it was observed that blood transfusion recipients and intravenous drug users were also contracting it the name was replaced with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and its precursor Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). As the decade progressedRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Hiv / Aids1065 Words   |  5 PagesAlthough HIV/AIDS is on the rise together, we can put an end to the increasing numbers. Globally HIV/AIDS is growing rapidly by the end of 2015 the number of people infected and diagnosed could beat any of the previous year’s records. Shockingly enough, this statistic even stands true for our home state Kansas. These numbers may be rising because more people want to know their statuses and are becoming aware of the dangers hidden in this deadly virus. On the other hand, people may be living moreRead MoreEssay on HIV1863 Words   |  8 Pages HIV nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Like the majority of the American population I have lived in a cloud of ignorance about the HIV and AIDS crisis. I have never know anyone close to me that has been infected with either of the two viruses. So when the option to research something to do with sexuality arouse I felt this would definitely further my education about a lethal killer that is roaming this earth. Since I knew next to nothing about this topic I will start from the begging of the diseaseRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Human Immunodeficiency Virus1454 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus is one of the growing illnesses becoming very common today. The acronym for this virus is HIV. More than 1.2 million people in the United States are living with HIV and almost 1 out of 8 are unaware of this infection. There are over 50,000 new infections per year. It has impacted our society greatly. In 2010, President Obama made the National HIV/AIDS Strategy. It really affects the youth of the African American culture especially men who have sex with men. By race, AfricanRead More The Cause and Effect of HIV in Africa Essay examples1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe Cause and Effect of HIV in Africa The ubiquitous acronym HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. It is a virus that gradually weakens the immune system until the body cannot fight off common infinitesimal infections such as pneumonia, diarrhea, the â€Å"flu†, and other illnesses. All of which can be part of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, the final stage of HIV that usually develops between 2 to 10 years after the infection. This infection is frequently transmitted through unprotectedRead MoreDurex Save Sex Campaign Against AIDS-HIV688 Words   |  3 PagesOverview Durex Save Sex Campaign Against AIDS/HIV Hello to everyone, my name is Irem Gamsizoglu, and I`m first year medicine student. I will tell you about disease that is spread all around the world – AIDS and HIV and the corporate social responsibility campaign made by one of the most famous contraception related company Durex. And I`d like to start my overview with famous quote by Elizabeth Taylor; once she said that â€Å"It is bad enough that people are dying of AIDS, but no one should die of ignorance†Read MoreThe Immune System: HIV/AIDS Essay893 Words   |  4 PagesHIV is a world pandemic that has caused the death of â€Å"30 million† (CDC – Statistics Overview – Statistics Center – HIV/AIDS, CDC) innocent lives. HIV is devastating virus that destroys people’s immune systems and leaves them vulnerable to other diseases. HIV is an acronym for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, which means that the virus is found only in humans and targets the immune system. The virus kills CD4 cel ls, cells in the immune system that fight off infections and diseases. HIV has been aroundRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus : Hiv And Aids1935 Words   |  8 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus, better known as the acronym HIV is a virus that destroys the immune system and can evolve into an infection. HIV is known a as pandemic because the immune system can fight off the infection but can never clear the HIV out of the body. â€Å"HIV is spread through contact with the blood, semen, pre-seminal fluid, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, or breast milk of a person infected with HIV.† [AIDS] According to AIDS.info, in the United States, the virus is usually contractedRead MoreHiv-Reaction Paper1770 Words   |  8 Pages25 TERMS Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)- is a lentivirus ( a member of the retrovirus family) that causes required immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a conditions in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)- is a disease of human immune system caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Sex- is a process of combining and mixing of genetic traits, often in resulting in

Compensation and Benefits Review †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Compensation and Benefits Review. Answer: Introduction: Reward system refers to any monetary, non-monetary and psychological forms of payment that employers provide to their workers in exchange for the work performed. The study of the pay structure enabled me to learn a few types and structures used in paying workers. Base pay is a reward system based on a minimum amount that an employee receives which serves as the lowest level of pay per hours worked. Performance-based pay is another system where payments are made depending on the level of productivity a worker delivers (Shields, Brown, Kaine, Dolle-Samuel, North-Samardzic, McLean, Johns, Robinson, O'Leary and Plimmer, 2015). Salary based payment refers to a reward scheme where the payment is a specific amount with no bonus or extra amounts even in exemplary performance. Competence-based payment relates to the reward structure where payment is based on one's level of skills, knowledge, and experience obtained as opposed to a job title. Besides, I learned on the pay structures including career family pay structure. The structure is characterized by a single grade structure with each grade divided into a job family such as those belonging to operations, administration, and marketing. Inside the system, a common feature is used to evaluate the performance of the system as the tasks are similar. On the other hand, a job family pay structure resembles the career family pay structure nut only differs in the grading system where each job has a unique pay structure based on the roles played by individuals in the society (Armstrong and Taylor 2014). The last one learned involves the broadband structure involves a method for evaluation and creation of job grading which establishes the pay for specific positions entailing the traditional and new pay structures. Determining the Structure of a Remuneration and Performance Pay structures in organizations depend on the externals factors that affect business. The labor organizations exist to determine the minimum amount of money individuals should have. In this case, it affects the type of pay structure that one can select thus leaving employees to a limited choice. For instance, if the government sets the base pay at a point, firms cannot employ individuals and pay them based on the performance. Organizations, in this case, would be forced to set a salary based pay to meet the demands of a government policy (Gupta and Shaw 2014). Organizations through their policies set their pay gap limiting what should be earned on the lowest and the highest amounts to be earned by individuals in an organization. Every career has a pay grade stipulated by the government through the labor union that assists in setting a cap on the salary scale of individuals (Kolk. and Perego 2014). In this respect, it affects the pay structure of businesses. Organizations have to consider the recommendation whenever setting or creating their pay structures. Besides, I learned of the several legislations affecting a pay scale in organizations. Regulations on gender have to be observed while selecting and paying employees to provide a balance in the pay. In this case, a base pay has to be set on workers to prevent discrimination in pay based on the gender. Equality agencies also play a critical role in affecting the pay structures set in organizations. I discovered during the study of the roles played by the equality agency that champions for an equal pay among individuals working in a given sector. On the other hand, pay structures are influenced by the cost of living existent in an environment. Businesses running in places with low living costs determine low wages for individuals to meet their daily needs. For instance, the cost of housing, food, and entertainment remain low thus prompting for a lower salary that can cater for the same. On the other hand, environments with a high cost of living call for increased salaries that match the demands of the society (Kolk and Perego 2014). In this case, the pay structures in organizations are determined by the cost of living in a given environment. Moreover, I learned the role of unions in determining the pay structure selected in organizations. Unions serve the role of collective bargaining which determines a number of money individuals receive for certain tasks (Gupta and Shaw 2014). Besides, they determine the working conditions and the compensation schemes accorded to workers. In this respect, they determine the amount of money to be paid by organizations which can be reviewed upwards according to life demands. Labor market conditions also affect the pay structure to be used in organizations. The demand and supply of workers in organizations determine the pay one individual receives. For instance, areas with limited numbers of medical professionals raise the amount of money to be paid to meet the competitive nature of the supply of labor (Kolk and Perego 2014). In this case, workers will be paid higher as opposed to a case where there are several employees who give the workers less bargaining power. Profitability is another external factor that affects the pay structure selected by a firm. The profit ratio realized in a firm determines whether to pay workers through the performance based pay or the fixed salary. Companies dealing in marketing efforts would opt to use the pay on performance to boost their profits and remunerate employees based on the marketing efforts achieved (Kolk and Perego 2014). Selecting a salary based one would impede the firm from making profits and thus proves to be less efficient in driving revenues for the firm. Therefore, I learned the importance of focusing on the external factors in an environment whenever selecting the type of pay structure to use. Making Benefits a Compulsory Employee benefits refer to the sets of benefits employees acquire during and after employment apart from the normal pay. The benefits include aspects such as medical cover, prescription, relocating assistance, insurance plans, and retirement benefits (Dau-Schmidt, Finkin and Covington 2016). The benefits go a long way to improve and reduce the cost of living for employees through the several assistance programs given through employee benefits. In this respect, benefits to employees should be made mandatory to offer a blanket cover to workers. I feel the necessary nature of benefits on employees to assist them to cut down on the costs of living especially in cases where employees get sick. On the other hand, making benefits a compulsory enables organization increase career growth among their workers by having learning initiatives where workers can be sponsored for courses. It is difficult for individuals to make the self sacrifice and save money to invest in education and other activities. However, the ability to secure benefits from institutions is essential towards guaranteeing growth from the benefits (Dau-Schmidt, Finkin and Covington 2016). Employees ought to be covered through an insurance program present only for those who decide to follow the benefits. By deciding to make a move optional, other individuals shall lose the direction in life and end up suffering at the end. The text records the importance of benefits where it records several issues dealing with saving lives and providing a proper retirement package for individuals. It is difficult for everyone to save towards retirement and the reality poses as a challenge to making benefits optional. Employees work tirelessly to make both ends meet in life and have to be assured of a backup plan. For instance, a worker who gets involved in an accident with no medical cover and retirement benefit risks spending a lot of money on a treatment plan which can consume all the finances yet still fail to return individuals back to their career. In this case, it becomes difficult for one to continue with life. However, making a move a mandatory allows for an easy solution in such as the case where the medical cover shall career for the treatment plan which in the case of failure would call for the retirement benefits accumulated to assist one begin a new life (Bryant and Allen 2013). Besides, advocators to the contrary demand for the freedom of choice in such matters. However, the freedom comes back to haunt individuals where a calamity occurs or during retirement when people seek to be assisted in covering hospital bills as well as finding a foundation to succeed in life after the end of a career (Kolk and Perego 2014). Transferring a burden to other individuals works against the spirit of development where people are supposed to take charge of their lives and ensure their business lives through the participation in the activities (Bryant, P.C. and Allen, D.G., 2013). Consequently, individuals that refuse join the benefits plan risk death in case individuals fail to gather the necessary finance needed. Therefore, the lesson learned on benefits convinces me to base my reasoning and conviction on the compulsory position for benefits to employees. It is prudent to have a uniform interest among individuals to encourage a proper living, insurance, and a sober retirem ent plan. Recognition schemes and Individual Rewards Employees are entitled to a reward scheme as a toke to their performance at places of work. Firms can do so through several approaches which vary from company to company. Recognition can be done at an organizational or individual level which all drive benefits towards motivation (Gupta and Shaw 2014). Employees tend to respond positively whenever appreciated and increase their efforts towards creating value for businesses. Employees can be recognized through bonuses which act as appreciation for the good performance. Bonuses are used to reward individuals based on accomplishments made that drive profits into organizations. For instance, individuals working in the sales sector who manage to surpass their targets set by the management ought to receive bonuses. Consequently, the recognition for efforts leads to increased efforts even to surpass higher limits set by the organizations (Gupta and Shaw 2014). Employees paid little salary but recognized through bonuses tend to remain committed and loyal to businesses. Profit sharing is another way of recognizing workers by creating a pool of money which is disbursed to employees by taking a percentage of the profits in a company. The amount delivered to employees reflects an amount of the salary one gets thus providing a uniform level of reward (Gupta and Shaw 2014). The benefits can be in the form of money or shares were given to the employees. The profits can be given at the end of the financial year when the firm consolidates its profits. The move acts positively towards recognizing the efforts of individual or group of employees which fosters increased performance. Stock Option The option of assigning a proportion of stock to the upper and middle-level management is a way of recognizing efforts of employees. In fact, the method is efficient as members are assigned a certain percentage of ownership of the stock every time they registered positive results. In this case, it promotes performance and further drives a sense of ownership to a firm thus encouraging a low employee turnover rate (Kolk and Perego 2014). Stock option further drives competition as members work hard towards getting recognition. The stocks are awarded as a reward considering the salary one gets and is given at a uniform level in the case of group reward. The move serves as a reward for sticking around in companies and motivates increased improvement for a company. On the other hand, monetary recognition fails to serve as the only source of reward. In his respect, non-monetary rewards act well towards helping workers. Individuals can be rewarded for their efforts in business by promoting them to a higher level or managerial level in the society. Recognizing workers through promotion allows for extra energy in carrying out tasks. On the other hand, giving a certificate of appreciation to workers goes a long way towards uplifting heir spirit towards productivity (Kolk and Perego 2014). Lastly, recognizing workers verbally is important towards making them shine out of the rest. Mentioning workers in yearly meetings increases their efforts towards increased production. Therefore, it is necessary to use a recognition system that gives the best reward to employees. The materials covered in the topics address various ways through which workers can be rewarded and compensated for their efforts. The lessons draw much knowledge on selecting the required pay system and the factors to base on while choosing a mode of compensation to workers. At the same time, it gives knowledge on the external factors to consider before arriving at a form of pay for individuals. Besides, the lessons on benefits to employees assigned significant knowledge on the need to mandate a compulsory benefit program to workers based on the positive attributes it delivers to workers (Gupta and Shaw 2014). Lastly, it drives knowledge on rewarding individuals for their efforts and motivating them through bonuses and other reward programs open in the market. Reference List Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Bryant, P.C. and Allen, D.G., 2013. Compensation, benefits and employee turnover: HR strategies for retaining top talent.Compensation Benefits Review,45(3), pp.171-175. Dau-Schmidt, K.G., Finkin, M. and Covington, R., 2016.Legal protection for the individual employee. West Academic. Gupta, N. and Shaw, J.D., 2014. Employee compensation: The neglected area of HRM research.Human Resource Management Review,24(1), pp.1-4. Kolk, A. and Perego, P., 2014. Sustainable bonuses: Sign of corporate responsibility or window dressing?.Journal of Business Ethics,119(1), pp.1-15. Shields, J., Brown, M., Kaine, S., Dolle-Samuel, C., North-Samardzic, A., McLean, P., Johns, R., Robinson, J., O'Leary, P. and Plimmer, G., 2015.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press.